Japanese Lesson 4

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[Chorus 1]
Keigo is the art of who is raised or lowered
Respect the listener, honor the other
Sonkeigo for their actions, kenjōgo for mine
Teineigo is safe—just stay in line
お (o-) and ご (go-) often start the noun
お名前 (o-namae), ご意見 (go-iken)—wear the crown

[Verse 2]
Common sonkeigo: いらっしゃる (irassharu) for “go, come, be”
おっしゃる (ossharu) for “say”—use it respectfully
召し上がる (meshiagaru) for “eat” and “drink”
なさる (nasaru) for “do”—the honorific link
For kenjōgo: 参る (mairu) for “go, come”—humble me
申す (mōsu) for “say”—it’s humility
いただく (itadaku) for “eat, drink, receive” with grace
存じる (zonjiru) for “know, think”—your humble place

[Bridge]
Patterns help: お＋ます-stem＋になる (o + stem + ni naru) makes honorific
お使いになる (o-tsukai ni naru) “you use”—specific
For humble: お＋ます-stem＋する (o + stem + suru)
お待ちする (o-machi suru) “I humbly wait”—it’s true
And させていただく (sasete itadaku) “allow me to do”
A very humble form—polite through and through

[Chorus 2]
Respect is built into the grammar’s bones
Sonkeigo lifts them, kenjōgo lowers your own
Teineigo keeps it safe and plain
Use keigo when status or distance you maintain
But don’t fear mistakes—just know it’s there
A sign of heart, a show you care

[Verse 3]
Now let’s turn to causative—make or let things be
The form that says “let someone” or “make them” see
For ru-verbs: drop る, add させる (saseru)
食べる → 食べさせる (tabesaseru) “make/let eat”—it’s true
For u-verbs: change u to a + せる (seru)
行く → 行かせる (ikaseru) “make/let go”—now you’ve learned the glue
する → させる (saseru), 来る → こさせる (kosaseru)
Causative, causative—now you’re getting clever

[Verse 4]
Passive form—when something’s done to you
For ru-verbs: drop る, add られる (rareru)
食べる → 食べられる (taberareru) “is eaten” or “I am made to eat”—a dual view
For u-verbs: change u to a + れる (reru)
書く → 書かれる (kakareru) “is written”—it’s true
する → される (sareru), 来る → こられる (korareru)
Passive can show suffering too—it’s versatile, you’ll do

[Bridge 2]
Causative-passive: a double layer of fate
“Be made to do” or “forced to”—don’t wait
From causative: させる (saseru) → させられる (saserareru)
For u-verbs: 行かされる (ikasareru) “be made to go”—it’s great
For ru-verbs: 食べさせられる (tabesaserareru)
Long but common—“I was made to eat,” it’s clear to you
These forms show lack of choice, a passive voice
Master them and you’ll rejoice

[Chorus 3]
Causative: make or let them act
Passive: when the subject is the fact
Causative-passive: forced to go
Forms that stack, but now you know
Let them flow into your speech
With practice, every form you’ll reach

[Verse 5]
Let’s add some volitional nuance—つもり (tsumori) for “intention”
行くつもり (iku tsumori) “I intend to go”—don’t mention
予定 (yotei) is “plan,” more concrete
行く予定 (iku yotei) “I plan to go”—neat
For “try to do”: てみる (te miru)
食べてみる (tabete miru) “try to eat”—it’s a new debut
And “it seems”: そうだ (sō da) after stem
雨が降りそう (ame ga furi-sō) “looks like rain”—a gem

[Verse 6]
Giving advice with たらいい (tara ii) / ばいい (ba ii)
“Should do”—it’s light, it’s free
休んだらいい (yasundara ii) “you should rest”—advice so kind
And prohibition: てはいけない (te wa ikenai) “must not”—reined
入ってはいけない (haitte wa ikenai) “don’t enter”—clear
Or な (na) after dictionary form for “don’t”
触るな (sawaru na) “don’t touch”—it’s blunt, be warned

[Chorus 4]
Now you’ve got layers—honor and force
Intention, advice, prohibition’s course
Every lesson built a bridge
Now your Japanese can ridge
From humble keigo to forced command
You’re holding more in your hand

[Outro]
Four songs deep, the path extends
Respect and cause, means and ends
These forms take time, let them steep
You’ll wake one day and they’ll be deep
This is the craft, slow and true
次は 第五課 (tsugi wa dai go ka)—new
Until then, practice, sing aloud
Your Japanese makes me proud

4138/7500

[Verse 1] You’ve walked through basics, now it’s time to raise the bar Japanese bends with who you are—respect goes far Three levels: 丁寧語 (teineigo) you already know です・ます—polite and steady, that’s your home Next is 尊敬語 (sonkeigo)—lift the other high 話される (hanasareru) “someone speaks,” honorifics fly And 謙譲語 (kenjōgo)—humble yourself down お話しする (o-hanashi suru) “I humbly speak,” a different crown [Chorus 1] Keigo is the art of who is raised or lowered Respect the listener, honor the other Sonkeigo for their actions, kenjōgo for mine Teineigo is safe—just stay in line お (o-) and ご (go-) often start the noun お名前 (o-namae), ご意見 (go-iken)—wear the crown [Verse 2] Common sonkeigo: いらっしゃる (irassharu) for “go, come, be” おっしゃる (ossharu) for “say”—use it respectfully 召し上がる (meshiagaru) for “eat” and “drink” なさる (nasaru) for “do”—the honorific link For kenjōgo: 参る (mairu) for “go, come”—humble me 申す (mōsu) for “say”—it’s humility いただく (itadaku) for “eat, drink, receive” with grace 存じる (zonjiru) for “know, think”—your humble place [Bridge] Patterns help: お＋ます-stem＋になる (o + stem + ni naru) makes honorific お使いになる (o-tsukai ni naru) “you use”—specific For humble: お＋ます-stem＋する (o + stem + suru) お待ちする (o-machi suru) “I humbly wait”—it’s true And させていただく (sasete itadaku) “allow me to do” A very humble form—polite through and through [Chorus 2] Respect is built into the grammar’s bones Sonkeigo lifts them, kenjōgo lowers your own Teineigo keeps it safe and plain Use keigo when status or distance you maintain But don’t fear mistakes—just know it’s there A sign of heart, a show you care [Verse 3] Now let’s turn to causative—make or let things be The form that says “let someone” or “make them” see For ru-verbs: drop る, add させる (saseru) 食べる → 食べさせる (tabesaseru) “make/let eat”—it’s true For u-verbs: change u to a + せる (seru) 行く → 行かせる (ikaseru) “make/let go”—now you’ve learned the glue する → させる (saseru), 来る → こさせる (kosaseru) Causative, causative—now you’re getting clever [Verse 4] Passive form—when something’s done to you For ru-verbs: drop る, add られる (rareru) 食べる → 食べられる (taberareru) “is eaten” or “I am made to eat”—a dual view For u-verbs: change u to a + れる (reru) 書く → 書かれる (kakareru) “is written”—it’s true する → される (sareru), 来る → こられる (korareru) Passive can show suffering too—it’s versatile, you’ll do [Bridge 2] Causative-passive: a double layer of fate “Be made to do” or “forced to”—don’t wait From causative: させる (saseru) → させられる (saserareru) For u-verbs: 行かされる (ikasareru) “be made to go”—it’s great For ru-verbs: 食べさせられる (tabesaserareru) Long but common—“I was made to eat,” it’s clear to you These forms show lack of choice, a passive voice Master them and you’ll rejoice [Chorus 3] Causative: make or let them act Passive: when the subject is the fact Causative-passive: forced to go Forms that stack, but now you know Let them flow into your speech With practice, every form you’ll reach [Verse 5] Let’s add some volitional nuance—つもり (tsumori) for “intention” 行くつもり (iku tsumori) “I intend to go”—don’t mention 予定 (yotei) is “plan,” more concrete 行く予定 (iku yotei) “I plan to go”—neat For “try to do”: てみる (te miru) 食べてみる (tabete miru) “try to eat”—it’s a new debut And “it seems”: そうだ (sō da) after stem 雨が降りそう (ame ga furi-sō) “looks like rain”—a gem [Verse 6] Giving advice with たらいい (tara ii) / ばいい (ba ii) “Should do”—it’s light, it’s free 休んだらいい (yasundara ii) “you should rest”—advice so kind And prohibition: てはいけない (te wa ikenai) “must not”—reined 入ってはいけない (haitte wa ikenai) “don’t enter”—clear Or な (na) after dictionary form for “don’t” 触るな (sawaru na) “don’t touch”—it’s blunt, be warned [Chorus 4] Now you’ve got layers—honor and force Intention, advice, prohibition’s course Every lesson built a bridge Now your Japanese can ridge From humble keigo to forced command You’re holding more in your hand [Outro] Four songs deep, the path extends Respect and cause, means and ends These forms take time, let them steep You’ll wake one day and they’ll be deep This is the craft, slow and true 次は第五課 (tsugi wa dai go ka)—new Until then, practice, sing aloud Your Japanese makes me proud

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