PFAS, often called “forever chemicals,” are widely used in consumer and industrial products and are linked to serious health risks such as cancer and immune system effects (CBC News, 2025). 1 The federal government has taken steps to regulate PFAS, including listing them as toxic substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) and establishing national standards to protect public health (Canada, Environment & Climate Change Canada & Health Canada, 2025). However, implementation largely depends on provincial and local governments, which may face significant challenges. The situation in P.E.I., where residents’ private wells are contaminated and local researchers are developing sawdust-based water. treatment, illustrates these challenges (CBC News, 2025). 2 Canada’s federal policies on toxic chemicals, such as PFAS, are crucial for public health. Still, provincial challenges in implementing these regulations, as exemplified by P.E.I.’s contaminated wells, demonstrate that adequate environmental protection relies on cooperation and innovation at both provincial and local levels.
