Cancer genetics, let’s take a dive, Somatic, germline, how cancers thrive. Familial assessment, why and how, Genetic testing, let’s learn now. BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, Hereditary cancer, what can we do? Lynch syndrome, colorectal too, Understanding genes that make us who. Somatic mutations, in tumour cells, Not passed down, where cancer dwells. Germline variants, from parents they come, Present in all cells, they’re the sum. Mutation’s a word we should avoid, Genetic variants, more employed. Hereditary cancers, dominant gene, Polygenic risk, what it means. Hereditary cancers, genes at play, Dominant or recessive, they lead the way. Dominant genes, just one faulty copy, Fifty percent chance, they don't get sloppy. Autosomal recessive, both alleles must change, Homozygous or compound, it’s a range. Homozygous means same fault in each, Compound heterozygote, different faults meet. Genetic testing, sequence reads, Next-gen sequencing, meets our needs. ACMG guidelines, interpret the variant, Classify the genes, it’s apparent. Red flags in family history, Three or more affected, it’s no mystery. Breast, ovarian, pancreatic cancer, Prostate too, we need an answer. Breast cancer management, what to do, Surveillance, surgery, chemoprevention too. Ovarian cancer, surgery’s the key, BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, you see. Lynch syndrome, a type of colon cancer, Mismatch repair genes fail, that's the answer. Genes like MLH1 and MSH2, Cause DNA errors, that’s what they do. Microsatellite instability, tumour cells show, Errors in DNA, they grow and grow. Immunohistochemistry, testing needed, Staining patterns tell us if risks are heeded. Cancer risk, manage it right, Genetic knowledge, shines a light. From genes to practice, it’s a fight, Cancer genetics, in our sight.
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